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"The enterprise IT architecture is the organizing logic for data, applications, and infrastructure, captured in a set of policies and technical choices to achieve the firm's desired business goals, technical standardization and integration."
Center for Information Systems Research (CISR), MIT Sloan School of Management
 

Enterprises today must take a long-term view of their IT systems. They must 'Build to Change', instead of 'Build to Last'. Interoperability has assumed more importance over integration in creating more loosely coupled and orchestrated architectures.

An enterprise typically has IT applications of various vintages. There could be some ongoing development projects based on the latest technologies or packages and there could be existing bespoke legacy applications under maintenance and enhancement. The IT landscape of even a mid-sized enterprise is quite complex. Some frequently arising challenges are:
  • Lack of a coherent technology strategy and the accompanying confusion regarding technology choice
  • Lack of governance — no “central office” to oversee technology strategy
  • Lack of formal processes to support technology selection
  • Need to better accommodate strategic planning; alternatively expressed as a need for a bridge between business planning and technology planning
  • Lack of a place for conflict resolution on technical and architecture issues
  • Need for architectural principles to guide technology decision-making
  • Need for a forum to address functional duplication, data duplication, integration and reuse issues
  • Lack of communication and dissemination of information: vision, strategies, ideas, best practices or technology solutions being researched or already implemented
  • Lack of technical expertise for project implementation

Enterprise Architecture addresses the above through an integrated framework.
Enterprise Architecture leads to an implementation that reflects the intent of all owners and key-stakeholders.

Enterprise Modeling is the act of building an Enterprise Architecture. Tools, like System Architect from Telelogic, combine Business modeling, Object modeling, Process modeling, and Data Modeling capabilities into a single product with a single repository. The repository can be queried to yield wealth of information about all models in an interconnected manner and powerful 'what-if' analysis can be performed to understand implications of retiring, rewriting or buying IT artifacts.